Individual loss reserving using paid–incurred data

Loss reserving using loss aversion functions

This article discusses the determination of risk capital based on “aversion” functions. Aversion functions weigh different outcomes according to perceived severity. Many practical and popular risk measures are usefully viewed in terms of aversion functions including those arising from distortion operators and risk margin loadings. The approach of this paper builds on, unifies,and extends existi...

Dependent Loss Reserving Using Copulas

Modeling the dependence among multiple loss triangles has important implications for the determination of loss reserves, a critical element of risk management and capital allocation practices of property-casualty insurers. In this article, we propose a copula regression model for dependent lines of business that can be used to predict unpaid losses and hence determine loss reserves. The propose...

Using Expected Loss Ratios in Reserving

Individual Loss Reserving with the Multivariate Skew Normal Distribution

The evaluation of future cash flows and solvency capital recently gained importance in general insurance. To assist in this process, our paper proposes a novel loss reserving model, designed for individual claims in discrete time. We model the occurrence of claims, as well as their reporting delay, the time to the first payment, and the cash flows in the development process. Our approach uses d...

Bivariate Archimedean Copulas for Individual Claim Loss Reserving Models*

The estimation of loss reserves for incurred but not reported (IBNR) claims presents an important task for insurance companies to predict their liabilities. Recently, individual claim loss models have attracted a great deal of interest in actuarial literature, which overcome some shortcomings of aggregated claim loss models. The dependence of the event times with the delays is a crucial issue f...